Studying Science
Chapter 1
324 IPC
1.1 Science Skills and Methods
What is SCIENCE ?
is a way to gather and organize information about the natural world.
knowledge
skills
observing
experiment
systemize
Science Skills
Data - used everyday
Observe - use of one or more of your senses
use of tools
Infer - suggest a possible explanation for an observation
Estimate - careful guess of a measurement
Measure - comparing things to a standard unit
Predict - based on experience and observations
Classify - group things together on how they look
Hypothesize - suggest an answer to a question
Record and Organize - careful record keeping
Analyze - look for trends and patterns
Safety Skills
Always follow safety guidelines.
Lab Safety
plant
eye
heating
clothing
poison
animal
fire
glassware
electrical
sharp objects
Experiments
A good way to get answers in science
observe how something behaves
investigate an observation
test an idea, prediction, hypothesis or even an inference
get an answer to a question
Controlled experiments
constants
variables
Methods of Science
Scientific method - systemized testing of ideas, inferences, predictions, and hypotheses
not rigid
state problem
hypothesize or predict
plan your experiment
gather data
record and organize data
analyze data
conclude
Facts, Theories, and Laws
Based on observations, studies, repeated experiments
Facts lead to theories
theory- an idea that explains why and how something happens
used to make predictions
theories can become a law
scientific law - sometimes stated in mathematical terms
can be changed
Models in Science
Scale - mathematical ratio
model airplane
1 cm to 1 m
some are drawings
diagrams , maps
built from real materials
all models are plans from which real objects can be built
Science and Society
Science done by people working together; not by individuals working alone.
Research group
discussions, plan experiments, share knowledge and ideas
repeat experiments and review public articles
Large scientific community
1-2 Measuring with Scientific Units
SI = metric system
( Systeme International d’Unites )
basic units
multiples of ten
prefix
multiplying or dividing
length, mass, time
volume, mass, weight, density, temperature
Scientific Notation
Large numbers
Save time
Scientific Notation - a number is written as the product of two numbers
Sample problem: textbook page 15 # 1
Practice problems: textbook page 15 # 1,2
Unit Calculations and Measurements
Dimensional analysis
a fraction called a conversion factor
shows how one kind of unit relates to another
Sample problem: textbook page 15 # 2
Practice problem: textbook page 15 # 3
Science and You
Designer Fit
clothes - standard garment sizes
headphones - jack diameter
1.3 Graphing
Kinds of graphs
Circle = percentages
Bar = compare measurements
Line = comparing sets of numerical data
x axis - horizontal
y axis - vertical
origin - where x and y meets
curved line
Science and Society
Magazines
Newspapers
Television
1.4 Science Tools and Technology
Connections in Science: two sciences
Study of matter: Chemistry and Physics
Science subdivisions
biochemistry
geophysics
astrophysics
applied science = technology
Tools
Particle accelerator
Computer
Spectroscope
Chromatograph
Wind tunnel
Electrophoresis Gel
Radiotelescope
Chapter 1
Careers in Science
Science and Technology
Based on the principles of physical science is ancient
stone tools 1.9 million years ago
stone ax - wedged to cut
1.6 and 0.4 mya - control and use of fire
iron, silver, gold
pots, jewelry,water proof containers